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2013 New Zealand winter storm
The 2013 New Zealand winter storm was an intense extratropical cyclone which affected New Zealand on 20–22 June. The storm brought strong winds and high waves especially around the Wellington Region, and further afield cold temperatures and heavy snow to the South Island. The storm was described by the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) as an extreme event.〔 The maximum 10 minute average, sustained wind reading, recorded at Wellington airport was 101 km/hour, with individual gusts up to 130–140 km/hour at this location.〔 Winds were equivalent to the strength of a category 1 or 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Record wave heights of 15 m peak to trough were recorded by a buoy offshore from Baring Head in the Cook Strait.〔
The highest wind gust was 202 km/hr, at Mt Kaukau, Wellington.
==Meteorological history==
On 19 June a surface low pressure just to the northwest of the South Island and at the same time there was a southerly coming in with some cold air at the top of the atmosphere. "The whole thing developed as a massive low that started to move across the west of the South Island, then (June ) it moved across Cook Strait to create a new low just east of Kaikoura... that was the real kick in pants that caused a clockwise circle of wind." -Associate Professor James Renwick at the School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences at Victoria University has researched how polar conditions affect our weather. "To get an event like this, which is pretty extreme, we need the westerly wind that normally blows across New Zealand and the southern oceans to slow down and to buckle into a series of big meanders, north-south waves around the hemisphere." The air was so cold over the country, temperatures dropped to -6˚C in Tekapo, because the isobars stretched all the way to down to the edge of the Antarctic sea ice". This followed bad weather earlier in the month on the 4 June which saw winds up to 120 km/h and torrential rain and flooding across the country.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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